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Irritant diaper dermatitis, also known as "diaper dermatitis" and "napkin dermatitis"〔James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.〕 and commonly known as diaper rash (NAE) or nappy rash (UK, AUS), is a generic term applied to skin rashes in the diaper area that are caused by various skin disorders and/or irritants. ''Generic'' rash or ''irritant diaper dermatitis'' (IDD) is characterized by joined patches of erythema and scaling mainly seen on the convex surfaces, with the skin folds spared. Diaper dermatitis with secondary bacterial or fungal involvement tends to spread to concave surfaces (i.e. skin folds), as well as convex surfaces, and often exhibits a central red, beefy erythema with satellite pustules around the border. It is usually considered a form of irritant contact dermatitis. Despite the word "diaper" in the name, the dermatitis is not due to the diaper itself, but to the materials trapped by the diaper (usually feces). Allergic contact dermatitis has also been suggested, but there is little evidence for this etiology. The term diaper candidiasis is used when a fungal origin is identified. The distinction is critical, because the treatment (antifungals) is completely different. == Causes == Irritant diaper dermatitis develops when skin is exposed to prolonged wetness, increased skin pH caused by urine and feces, and resulting breakdown of the stratum corneum, or outermost layer of the skin. This may be due to diarrhea, frequent stools, tight diapers, overexposure to ammonia, or allergic reactions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is diaper rash: What causes diaper rash? )〕 In adults, the stratum corneum is composed of 25 to 30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes, which are continuously shed and replaced from below. These dead cells are interlaid with lipids secreted by the stratum granulosum just underneath, which help to make this layer of the skin a waterproof barrier. The stratum corneum's function is to reduce water loss, repel water, protect deeper layers of the skin from injury, and to repel microbial invasion of the skin. In infants, this layer of the skin is much thinner and more easily disrupted. Diaper rash can be considered a form of intertrigo, that is an area of skin irritation that occurs when there is excessive moisture between two opposing skin surfaces. The key is the excessive moisture. As such, anything that keeps the skin surfaces dry will end the problem. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Irritant diaper dermatitis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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